Process and machine for automatic manufacture of one-piece boxes



March 27, 1934. G MEYERdAGENBEfis 1,952,987

PROCESS AND MACHINE FOR AUTOMATIC MANUFACTURE OF ONE-PIECE BOXES Filed July 23, 1931 '7 Sheets-Sheet 1 March 27, 1934.

G. IMEYER-JAGENBERG 1,952,987

PROCESS AND MACH INE FOR AUTOMATIC MANUFACTURE OF ONE-PIECE BOXES Filed July 25. 1951 ,7 sheets-sheet 2 T 4 5 F2 E.- a

March G. MEYER-JAGENBERG 1,952,987

PROCESS AND MACHINE FOR AUTOMATIC MANUFACTURE OF ONE-'PIECE BOXES Filed July 23, 29:51 7 Sheets-She et s March 1934- G. MEYER-JAGENBERG' 1,952,937

PROCESS AND MACHINE FOR AUTOMATIC MANUFACTURE OF ONE-PIECE BOXES Filed July 25, 1951 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 BMW,

March 1934- cs. MEYER-JAGENBERG 1,952,98?

PROCESS AND MACHINE FOR AUTOMATIC MANUFACTURE OF ONEPIECE BOXES Filed July 25. 1931 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 fig. J5; Z 'Z'7. ZQ.

5 Meys'r-d ezzbgz y March 1934. G. MEYER-'JAGENBERG- v 1,952,987

PROCES S AND MACHINE FOR AUTOMATIC MANUFACTURE OF ONE-PIECE BOXES Filed July 23, 1931 '7 Sheets-Sheet 6 March 1934- G. MEYER-JAGENBERG 3 PROCESS AND MACHINE FOR AUTOMATIC MANUFACTURE OFONE-PIECE BOXES Filed July 23, 1931 7 Sheets-Sheet '7 i v M Patented Mar. 27,1934

PROCESS AND MACHINE FOR AUTOMATIC MANUFACTURE OF ONE-PIECE BOXES Giinther Meyer-Jagenberg, Dusseldorf, Germany.

Application July 23, 1931, Serial No. 552,777

In Germany August 4, 1930 l 22 Claims. (CI. 93-40) invention is directed to a method and mechanism for automatically folding and shaping previously formed blanks into hinged boxes.

The primary object of the invention is the pro- 5 vision of a method for treating the previously formed blank in aseries of successive steps involvingthe utilization of a .blank of sumcient size to form thecompleted box and preliminarily formed, bending predetermined portions of the blank to form the side and end walls, applying a strip or label to maintain the side and end walls in final position, dividing out and bending certain portions of certain ofthe walls to .divide the formed structure into a box top and bottom and at the same time provide a. portion to serve as a wall for one of the box parts and a hinged connection between such box parts, cutting one of the walls onpredetermined lines to form a fingerhold for the opening of the box when'flnally completed, and delivering the thus far completed article in shape for subsequent interiolding through other instrumentalities with which the invention is not particularly concerned for completing the box structure. The invention'further contemplates the pro- .vision of mechanism for carrying out the method in a series of successive steps, with the preformed blanks automatically fed successively through the respective steps to provide for continuous uninterrupted feeding of the blanks, progressive operation on each of the blanks at each-step, and

the final delivery of the article as completed in the apparatus, each of the steps while carried out by independent mechanism operating on the blank as completed by the preceding step, so that the mechanism at each step or stage adds to the article partially completed at the preceding step or stage to progressively carry'the blank to a completed stage. The invention is-illustrated in he accompanying drawings, wherein:- i v Figure 1 is a diagrammatic plan view of the machine, the separate steps or stages being indicated by the Romanlnumeral markings." I

Figure 2 is an enlarged view in elevation, part: ly in section, showing the mechanism for treating the blank at stages I, II and III.

Figure 3 is a horizontal section on the line 3-3 of Figure 2.

Figure 43 is a vertical of Figure 2. Figure 5 is a vertical section on the line 5-5 of Figure 2 Figure 6 is a detail in elevation andpartly in section showing the completion of the initial fold section on the line 4--4 'tions of the walls to provide the flaps, forming of the blank to subsequently provide the walls of the box.

Figure 7 is a view similarto Figure 2, limited,

however, to the mechanism of stages I, II and III, the mechanism for initially delivering a 6 blank to the machine and for operating the blank for initially folding the portions to later constitute the walls being shown in operative positions.

Figure 8 is a view in side elevation, partly in section, showing more particularly the mechanism for applying the strip or label, completing the securing of the label in place, and removing the box form from the thus far completed article, this mechanism including stages IV, V and VI.

Figure 9 is a plan of the mechanism shown in Figure 8. l

Figure 10 is a detail in elevation, partly in section, showing particularly the means for initially applying the label to'the-box structure-as thus far completed.

Figure 11 is a detail showing the means for holding the thus far completed box in the outline form.

" Figure 12 is a plan of a detail showing the means for maintaining certain walls of the box in proper relation during the initial application.

of the label and the advance of the box from stage IV to stage V.

Figure 13 is a view in elevation, partlyin section, showing the mechanism for cutting through predetermined walls to provide inturned flaps for one of the box parts-and for simultaneously cutting the flnger notch in one wall of the thus far completed box, this mechanism operating on the box at stage VII.

- Figure-14 is a sectionon the line 14-14 of Figure 13.

Figure 15 is a partial plan of the mechanism operating at stage VIII, wherein the previously divided flaps are moved inwardly to a position to ,preventtheir return to other than a normal reure 19.

Figure 19 is a plan view with parts, and'particularly the box being formed, in section, the

mechanism showing the means forcutting porno the finger notch, and bending the flaps to a position beyond their normal relation to the walls from which they are formed to avoid improper -position of these flaps when allowed to regain their normal position by inherent resiliency, this mechanism illustrating the mechanism in stages VII and VIII.

Figure 20 is a perspective view of a portion of the box form as completed by the machine, the inturned flaps being particularly illustrated.

Figure 21 is a perspective view of the blank as made up prior to its introduction into the machine, this being stage I.

Figure 22 is a similar view of the blank with the initial fold of opposing walls, this being stage 11.

Figure 23 is a similar view showing the initial fold of the remaining walls, this being stage 111.

Figure 24 is a perspective view showing the formed article in position to initially receive the binding strip orlabel, this being stage IV.

Figure 25 is a similar view showing the completion of the application of the label, this being stage V.

Figure 26 is a view similar to Figure 25, showing. the forming box on which the article has been. held during the label-applying operation removed from the formed article, this being stage VI.

' which they are cut, this being stage VIII. 7

Figure 29 is a perspective view of the completed article following its delivery beyond'stage VIII.

Figures 30 and 31 are identical views, except that in Figure 30 a friction rib for holding" the box parts connected when folded is shown on the bottom of the box, while in Figure 31 such rib is, shown in the cover of the box.

Figures 32 and 33 are broken sectional views of the completed box showing the friction rib formed as outwardly projecting when provided in the box bottom, as in Figure 30, and as inwardly projecting when provided in the box cover, as in Figure 31. 1

It will be understood from the following description that the mechanism for carrying out the improved method presents aseries of independent stages, indicated in the various figures and particularly Figure 1 by the numerals I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII and VIII. The operation of the mechanism at these successive stages is directed to the article blank at that stage, and as all mechanisms are operating simultaneously, it is apparent that a single blank is fed progressively from one stage to the other, operated on by the mechanism of that stage, and delivered beyond the machine. Thus, a series of blanks are being fed through the mechanism, each blank from the initial to the final end of the machine being increasingly formed at the respective stages toward completion of the article. 1

The method and mechanism of the present invention' contemplate the use of a preformed blank. This is indicated at a: in Figure 21 and is a section of appropriate material having the requisite length and'width, with the corners cut out to permit proper folding of the wall-forming portions of the blank without interference. For convenience in connection with the successive operations, this blank is initially formed to facilitate folding, being for this purpose square or otherwise formed with lines of fold a and a near the end of the blank and similar scoring or other formation a and a near the sides of the blank. The lines of fold, indicated at a a a and it, constitute the line of folds for the walls of the article.

The blank is further formed with transverse lines of scoring b and b which are parallel to the lines of scoring a and a and include between them a space equal to the dimension of the blank outwardly beyond the line of scoring a or a and the surface of the blank included within the lines of fold a b (2 and a to substantially the same as that included between the lines of fold a b a and a. The scoring b is continued across the lines of fold a and a to the extreme edge of the blank, while those portions of the blank forming the walls of the completed article and arranged beyond the lines of fold a and a are cut through in the blank formation on the respective lines of fold a and a and throughout a length included between the up the required article with definite portions of the blank cut to facilitate the formation of the inturned flaps, indicated at f in the blank. The blank is also initially formed with indentations, indicated at r, and forming friction elements for holding the cover of the box in place when closed in the subsequently completed article, these indentations 1 being either in the bottom or cover section, as respectively indicated in Figures 30 and 31.

The machine indicates a frame 1 provided with a pair of longitudinal guides 1 which are spaced apart to slidably receive connected bars 3,which bars are provided at predetermined intervals with upstanding lugs 3 The bars 3 are re-' ciprocated through the medium of a lever 9 connected to a. link 9 and operated by suitable mechanism of any conventional type to impart reciprocatory motion to the connected bars 3. As the lugs 3 are arranged to receive the blank between them, with the lugs resting in the cut out corners of the blank, it is apparent that if the blank is in position on the bars and the reciprocation of the bars 3 is suflicient to move the lugs and positioned blank a distance into the mechanism at least commensurate with the full length of the blank, said bars will operate to advance the blank from stage to stage throughout that por tion of the mechanism in which the blank is fed by the bars 3. .As will later appear, the bars 3 and thereby the control of the blank by the lugs 3 is continued throughout stages I, II and III of the mechanism, and as these stages perform distinctive operations on the blank, such stages will be independently described.

In stage I, shown more particularly in Figures 2 and 3, a magazine is mounted above the bars 3, including upright bars 1 connected at the bottom of a box-like structure having inwardly extending slide descends, carrying thelowermost blank besuperimposed relation. 0n the frame 1' immew'hentheslide 13? is inits lowermost or normal diately below the magazine is a guide 4' in which position, the plates 14, 15 and 16 are spaced from a slide 4 operates, carrying suction cups 5 to enthe plates 10, 11 and 12. gage and draw down a single blank onto the bars A cam 29 is mounted in bearings on the frame 3. On the upper end of the slide 4 is a hollow head and is formed to oscillate alever 29 having a hub 4 and extending therefrom are pipes leading to portion rotatably mounted on the shaft 29 supthe suction cups 5. The suction is provided by a ported in bearings on the frame. The hub porp p 5 l in from a suitable source of suction tion of the lever 29 is provided with a beveled and communicating with the head 4". gear segment 30 meshing with segmental gear One end of the hollow head 4 is open and is teeth 30 on the hub of a lever 21, which lever is controlled by a valve 8 carried by acrank lever 6 mounted on a shaft 21 supported in bearings on p v ed to a bracket extending from the guide 4"- the frame. A corresponding shaft 22 mounted A pi 6 extends from the freeend of the cra in hearings on the frame carries-a similar lever l v r in th path f th -screw '7 mounted on t 22, the hub of which is provided with gear teeth fram A p ng 6 is attached to the leve 6 and 24 which mesh with similar gear teeth on the hub t u d t and s v s t l s th val when of lever 21. Thus the free ends of the levers 21 feeding a b a f the aga to the P- and 22 are moved toward and away from each p tin ars 3. Th p ratin deta s, pa ti uother in the oscillation of the lever 29 through larly in the conventional parts not illustrated, are t i t r diate gearing described. a 1

timed so that when the parts are in the position Th l v 21 and, 22 extend upwardly above shown in Figures 2 and 4, the slide 4 is moved the bars 3 and are each provided with inwardly vertically to bring the suction cups 5 into contact extending rods, on th inner d f whichjai' with the lowermost blank in the magazine. As arranged fingers 19 and 20 which normally lie h s ov St the p 6 0n the crank above the bars 3 and in positions just beyond ver 6 l av t Screw 7 and the Spring 010595 vertical alignment with the'longitudinal edges of the open end of the head 4 to thus establish suct plunger plate 10. h particuiar construc.

t o in h p Wh n the p contatt With tion is illustrated more definitely in Figure 5 of and fix themselves with relation to the blank, the t drawings a tit te what is known as stage II of the machine.

yondlips 1 onto the bars 3. the cut-out portions The biank advanced by th movement of the 0f t e blank s ug y interfitting With the lugs bars 3 from stage I to stage II- is arranged imme- -.AS the Slide the blank descends, andfils the diately above the plunger plate The slide 13b as the operations there performed are substanthe second of the uprights with a similar plunger blank is delivered onto the bars 3, the pin 6 conis elevated, and as th plunger plate 10' ves tacts with the screw '7, venting the hollow head, upwardly thevbiank is gripped between t piung interrupting the SuQtiOn of the cups and freeer plate 10 and the overlying spring-pressed plate ing the blank. ThE blank has now been delivered 14 As the upward movement of the slide 13'!) conthe bars 3, accurately Positionedthgreon by Ztinues, the levers 21 and 22 are moved toward the lugs 3a, and the mechanism h completed each other by the gearing described and, through the operation at stage I. the oscillation of the lever 29", to move the fingers stages 11 and III Will be considered together, 19 and 20 toward eachother. As the blank when in position on the plunger plate 10 has those pormany Similar thwgh Operating on different'pm" tions beyond the lines of fold a and a beyond tio s o t blank- AS Previously Stated, the bars the corresponding edges of the plunger plate 10 3 a reeipreeated, a following" the delivery of and plate 14, the upward movement of the slide the blank to these bars, such bars move to posi- 13 causss t fingers 19 d 20/ ve these ex- 20 tion the blank, compelled to follow this movement posed edges of th bl k d nwardly, and as the Of'the bars through the lugs to Stage The fingers 19 and 20 continue .to move toward each mechanism operating at stages II and III other, these edges of the blank are bent inwardly- Cludes a guideway movably receiving beyond the vertical, constituting a preliminary guiding a slid 13 vine' extended heed fold of the longitudinal edges of the-blank. This 'vided with .three upright portions arranged. in fold however, is only preiimiriary tending alignment n d y of the nlachma The to insure and arrange for an easy folding of these fi st O these p s in the direction o d of portions or walls when the final fold 'of these parts the blank is provided with a plunger plate 10, is made Plate 11, and the third of the uprights with termed transverse endportions'of the blank, i. e. x d plate the portions beyond the lines of fold a and a= Mounted above the plane of movement of the of the blank, are folded. The mechanism to acbars 3 throughout Stages I and I frame, complish this fold includes'a lever. 27 carried by provided with vertical bearings in line with the and extending upwardly f m the hub the uprights of the Slide d in whichbearings are lever 29*, the similar lever 28 being mountedv on slidably mounted stem 17, 7 and 7 respecashaft 2s parallel with the shaft 29 on which tiv'ely. These stems carry at their lower ends the hub f the lever 29b s mountsi The hubs P u Plates 14, 15 and 16 respectilelm Springs of levers 2 7 and 28 are interconnected through 18 encircling the stems below the hearings to inthe m m of gear teeth m 32 and theupper fillence the plates 15 a 16 ill-a dOWnward ends of the levers 2'7 and 28 are provided with direction. -'These plates 14, 15 and 16 align refolding fingers 5 and 2 spectively with the plungers 10 and 11 and the of muss;Z intermediate stages 11 and m d fixed plate 12' and are designed in the operation f ll wing operation at stage II as described, the

of-th m h ni m at t ese Stag II and III to .slide 13 descends, again restoring the blank to coop Wi h parts-10, .11 and 12. The the bars 3, and in this descending movement the upper ends of the stems l7, 1?, and 17 have folded portions of the blank resulting from the heads 1'7 to limitthe downward movement of operation of stage II are'again straightened out the stems and thereby the similar movement or in the plane of the blank. The reciprocation of the plates 14, 15 and 16 to a position such that the bars 3 is such that between each operative 150 In stage III, the remaining or what may be stage, the bars advance the blank to the next position, and while the blank is being operated on in this position, the bars move in the reverse direction. Thus at each movement of the bars in one direction, a blank thereon is being advanced to the next stage, while when the blank is free of the bars, the latter are returning to a normal position for subsequent operation in the blank-feeding direction.

Thus, when the blank having two opposing walls is preliminarilyibent in stage II and the blank returned and flattened out onto the bars 3, the next movement of the bars in the feeding direction places the blank above the plunger plate 11, and on subsequent upward movement of the slide l3 the blank is clamped between the plunger plate 11 and superimposed plate 15 and moved upwardly between the fingers and 26 which, moving inwardly, preliminarily folds the remaining heretofore unfolded edges of the blank, and as the parts return to normal position, wherein the slide l3 movesdownwardly, the blank is again'returned to the bars 3, the preliminarily folded walls at stage III are fiattened out, and the blank is advanced in the next feeding operation of the bars 3 to a position immediately above the plate 12. In this latter position of the blank, there is no operation performed thereon and the blank rises with the plate 12, being maintained in position by c'amping cooperation wlth the plate 16 during the upward movement of the slide 13 and returned again to the bars 3 without any operation on the blank.

In this position of the blank, which may be defined as a blind stage, as the blank is not affected, it is found necessary to maintain the.

' the way of the stops 3 on the bars 3 during the return movement of the bars so that on the descent of the blank in this blind stage, it will be in position to be advanced to the next stage and be substantially flattened, with the parts defined by the line of fold preliminarily folded previously and thus more readily yieldable in the final folding operation.

The blank from the blind stage is advanced to stage IV and this is the final stage to which the blank can be moved in the operat on of the bars *3. In this stage IV, the respective walls of the blank are folded into final form and the binding strip, which may and preferably does constitute a label, is initially; applied. The

' mechanism operating in this stage is more particularly shown in Figuress to 12- inclusive and comprises a guideway 34 supported on the frame 1 in which moves a slide 34 carrying a punger plate 34 at its upper end.

Above and in the vertical plane of movement of the plunger plate and in a horizontal .plane above that of the slide bars 3 is a frame 35 beveled on its lower inner edges. The frame 35 is rectangular, having an interior dimension corresponding to that portion of the blank included between the lines of fold a, a a and a and as the extreme limit of movement of the bars 3 is such as to move the blank from the bl nd stage to a position above the plunger plate 34, means are provided to .limit this advance of the blank, such as a stop 35*, depending from the forward portion of the frame 35. -A plate 93' is arranged in a plane above the frame 35 and within the plane of the opening of that frame, said plate 93 being supported upon a stem 93 mounted in bearings carried by the frame 1* um to hereafter advance the blanks in their various stages to completion through stages IV,

V, VI and VII, this pusher being suitably operated and timed through the use of conventional mechanism to secure this result. Slidably mounted on guideways 44 arranged in horizontal alignment with the normal position of the plunger plate 34 and in advance thereof in the direction of feed of the .blank are a series of blocks 33,-

these blocks being fed along the guideway 44 in a direction opposite to the feed of the blank and to an extent commensurate with the longitudinal length of each block by mechanism which will be later referred to.

Suificient for the description of the operation at stage IV, it will be assumed that the feed of the blocks in the direction indicated is such as to position one such block accurately on the plunger plate 34 and beneath the blank :0 held by the stop' 35. When the blank has reached the position in stage IV, plunger plate and block thereon are moved upwardly, carrying the blank into and through the frame 35; The walls of the frame fold the foldable portions of the blank down onto the appropriate sides of the block 33, the movement being continueduntil the block with the folded blank is carried above and into contact with and exerts upward pressure on the plate 93. In this position, the respective foldable portions of the blank, i. e. the portions beyond the lines of fold a a a and a, which have been preliminarily folded for breaking down resistance in the stages II and III, are held snugly against the respective sides of the block, and the block and blank carried thereon are in a position immediately above the upper plane of the folding frame 35 in horizontal alignment with the pusher lip 38 and in further alignment with guides 35 arranged beyond the frame 35 in the direction of travel of the blank. While the blank with the enclosed block is in this stage IV, the initial application of the binding strip, which may be and preferably is a label, is carried.

To provide for this result, a lever 36 having a head 3'7 to press the label against the forward wall of the box, as on the blank in stage IV, is pivoted to an arm 36 swingingly mounted on the frame 1 A label or strip-feeding mechanism with adhesive-applying attachment of any conventional form is mounted above the machine and generally indicated at 89. The strip or label, indicated at k, is delivered from the mechanism 89 by grippers 39 and arranged across the advance end .of the blank and between the blank and @he head 37 of the lever 36. As the pusher 38 acts to move the blank and contained block forwardly, that portion of the binding strip or application of the binding strip or label It to the side walls of the advancing blank and to hold these walls snugly in place against the contained block during this movement of the blank and block. The holding elements include frames ire-mounted above and at each side of the frame 35, which frame includes elements serving to guide the adhesive strip or label It and spring fingers having inturned terminals which rest against the advance wall of the blank at stage IV and overlie the extreme edges of thiswall. As the blank and contained block advance'under the action of the pusher 38*, the fingers yield slightly and ride smoothly down the side walls of the blank, pressing these side walls smoothly and firmly against the contained block. As the blank and contained block advance from stage IV, the lever 36 is operated to move the head 3'7 out of the path of movement of the blank and the blank passes between spaced members 395 in contact with walls 37 by which the strip is at its lower end which underlies-the block and.

holds it in position. The blanks with the contained blocks are advanced successively in contact along guideways 35 which are arranged in a plane with the upper edge of the frame 35 and 'along which the blanks' and contained blocks are moved by the pusher 38, it being understood that the operative movement of the pusher is such as to advance the blank and contained block formed at stage IV to stage V, and that on the return of the pusher to normal position, the next blank is treated at stage IV which, when ad-' 'vanced by the pusher to stage V through movement of .the blank and block directly operated by the pusher engages the previously advanced block so that the blocks are thus fed by endwise contact.

It is to be noted that the movenient of the pusher 38 is such as to advance the blank and contained block from stage IV to what will be hereinafter referred to as stage V and that this is substantially twice the length of. the blank so [that there is a clear interval of open space be'-.

tween the respective blanks and contained blocks when at stage IV and stage V. Within the length of this space are arranged the walls 37 which apply the strip or label to the sidewalls of the blank.

For an appropriate length throughout the guides 35*, brushes are arranged at each side of the pathway of the blanks and contained blocks in position to wipe smoothly over the side walls of the various blanks as they are advanced,

thus smoothing and further insuring the adherence of the sealing strip or label to the side walls of the blank. In stage V, the sealing strip is carried across and applied to the end of the blank opposite the end'to which such strip is rollers 90 and brushes 90 As the bars move in succession across the ends of the blank, the projecting ends 11 and x of the sealing strip or label are deflected by the free end of each bar into contact with the rear wall of the blank, and the completion of the contact in smooth, even relation is performed by operation of 'the rollers 90 and brush 90 It is preferred that the sealing strip be applied to the blank so'that one of the ends, as is of greater length than the end 11 with the length at preferably equal'to the length of- -mechanism to compel a movement of the slide subsequently folded, the end is reinforced throughout its length and joint appearance avoided."

In stageVI, the blocks are removed from the formed blanks, which at this stage have their walls turned intoproper relation and secured by the sealing strip or label, as previously defined. Stage V1 is located at such distance from stage V that several, at least two blanks with contained blocks, are interposed between the operative stage V and the operative stage VII. At stage ,VI, there is arranged a frame-carried guideway 40 in which operates a slide 40*; the upper end of which carries a plate 40 ,'from the rear edge of which slightly above the plane of the guides 35 is arranged a pair of pins 41 which are of a length somewhat less than the corresponding dimension of the block 33. The blocks 33 have a vertical dimension exceeding the similar dimension of the side walls of the blank so that during the travel of the blanks along the guideways 35*, the blanks are supported by the blocks and the lattertravel directly on the guideways. As the thus far'completed blank with its contained block reaches stage VI, the block rides into cooperation with the pins, the latter passing into formed openings 41 in the block, this cooperation v of the pins and block being, of course, below the walls of the formed blank. Ithas been previously. stated that the blocks 33 fed to the plunger plate 34 are'moved in opposition to the normal movement of the blank along guides 44, and as the guides 35 on which the blocks and carried blank are-operatedare directly above the guides 44*, the transference of the blocks of the upper guide way to the lower guideway is accomplished by direct downward movement of the blocks. The

guideway 35 underlies the blocks during the travel of the blocks and carried partially formed blank up to stage VI. Just previous to the position at this stage, the guideways 35 are interrupted in their portion underlying the blocks and increased in width so thatthey will underlie the edges of the blank on the blocks, while leaving the bottom of the block wholly free of support. As the blocks reach this point, they ride onto and are supported by the pins 41, and as the slide 40. moves downwardly, the particular block engaged by the pins .41. is moved downwardly onto the guides 44.

During this movement of the block, the edges of the guideway 35* which underlie the edges of the I blank serve to strip the blank from the box. I

A plate 42 forming a portion of the forward end of the guideway 44 receives and supports the blocks delivered by the pins 41' of the plate 40 in the downward movement of the slide 40''. Act-. ing on opposite sides of theplate but in position to engage the end of the blockdelivered to the plate are upstanding fingers 43 carried on the end of a longitudinally moving bar 44 slidably.

mounted. beneath the guideway 44*. This slide is operated by a lever 44 operated by conventional and, therefore, of the fingers 43 a distance approximating the length of one block. I

With the mechanism appropriately timed, a

.block delivered from the upper guideway 35* onto:

the lower guideway 44 -is moved rearwardly, i.-e. 14.5 in opposition to' the movement of the blank in the guideway 44 by the pins 43. Each block so operated displaces the line of blocks in the guideway 44 forcing the rearmost block on said guideway onto the plate 34 -for upward delivery into and for the purpose of forming the block, as previously described.

are then removed and returned on the lower guideway 44 for reuse in connection with the forming operation at stage IV. Thus an appropriate number of blocks are in effect given endwise travel forwardly with the blank and rearwardly free of the blank for continued reuse in the operation of the machine in connection with stages IV, V and VI.

The blanks from which the blocks have been withdrawn are now advanced to stage VII, at which stage the flaps partially formed by the previous lines of cut h and h in the original blank are appropriately divided and folded and the finger notch is formed in one end wall of the blank. This stage is indicated more particularly in Figures 13 and 14, and the mechanism for effecting the operation includes a vertical guide-' way 48 in which a slide 48 operates. An arm 47 extends from the slide 48 and overlies an opening 47 at the terminal of the modified guideway 35*. Depending from the end of the arm is a portable guideway including upper and lower guide rails 46, between which, incident to the further advance of the blank, such blank is received. The

guideway 45 is normally in alignment with a modified guideway 35*, as indicated in dotted lines in Figure 14, and the side walls of this guideway 45' are cut away at 45* for the passage therethrough of the blades of opposing pairs of scissors 50. Each pair of scissors includes a pair -of blades 50 pivotally connected with pins at their lower ends engaging cam grooves 50 in disks 50 mounted on shafts provided with levers 50 formed with slots to receive pins 50 on a reciprocating rod 50 timed and operated by conventional mechanism (not shown and unnecessary to particularly describe).

In the rearof the portable guideway is a casting for supporting a male and female die and jacent the forward end of this slide in a female die 51, a male die 60 beingarranged for cooperation with this female die.

Pivotally mounted in a bracket depending ,l'from the slide is a lever 5'7, on the upper end of which is a head 56 formed with a semi-circular recess in which is fitted the forward end of the male die. Extending laterally om the lever is a pin 61 arranged in thepath of a lug, 62 depending from/the casting, the lower end of the lever being connected to lever 53 by a spring 58 which normally tends to throw the head 56 level" 57 toward the female die 51.

At stage VII, a box is moved from the guideof the way 3 5 onto the portable guideway 45 and then slide 48 descends by mechanism of any conventional typ until the arm 47 contacts with a stop screw 49,-indicated more particularly in Figure. 14. The blank thus far formed is in the'shape of an inverted box and is by this movement positioned adjacent the scissors and dies, which scissors operate to complete the unsevered portion of the side walls in the line of cut 71. of the original blank and to punch the semi-circular portion from the forward wall of the blank as thus far completed, thus providing a finger notch g, as shown more particularly in Figure 27.

In carrying out'this result, and after the inverted box has been properly positioned as described, the lever 53 is actuated to move the slide 52 up to the stop 84 (see Figure 13), the box moving with the slide up to and slightly past the cutting edge-of the male die. As the slide moves back, it carries with it the lever 57 and hence withdraws the pin 61 from the fixed lug 62, permitting spring 58 to rock the head 58 of the lever up against the female die. The forward wall of the blank is thus clamped between the female die and the head, and by slight continued movement of the slide, the female die and head force the wall of the blank over the end of the male die and the edge of the material is cut to form the finger notch Q.

When the slide 52 contacts with the stop 84,

the partially cut extension ,1 of the side walls of the blank, and more particularly the line of cut M, are exactly in line with the scissors 50, the bar carrying the pins 50 is reciprocated, and the scissors complete the cuts, thus dividing the flaps i from the side walls of the blank, except onthe folding edge. On the relative outside blades of the scissors are lugs 55 which are aligned with the flaps, and as the scissors complete the cutting operation, these lugs engage the fiaps and bend them inwardly relative to the side walls of the blank and against stud 65 (see Figure 18) which holds the body of the blank against bending during this operation. When the lugs bend the flaps inwardly, the label or strip portion overlying the fiaps is necessarily somewhat stretched, but as the adhesive is not completely dry at this time, the strip ends simply slip on the flaps without breaking or cracking.

Following the formation of the finger notch and the severing and bending of the flaps, the scissors are opened, the slide 52 is movedlforward, and the blank is correspondingly moved back in the portable guideway. The pin 6'1 contacting' with the lugs 62 restores the lever 57 to its normal position. The arm 47 is now elevated to return the blocks in alignment with the modified guideway 35*, at which time the series of boxes in this guideway are advanced another step, which brings the blank now completed to the extent of the formation of the finger notch and the bending of the flaps in line with a guideway '10 which is disposed at right angles to the guideway 35*.

The blank thus far completed is moved along a guideway at right angles to its preceding movement, thus advancing with what was previously one side wall of the blank as an advance or end wall. The advancement of the blank throughout the right angle guideway '70 is compelled by a plunger 82 carried on the end of an arm 64 mounted to reciprocate "through the medium of a slide 64 arranged in guideways on the frame and connected to a connecting rod 63 operated by appropriate. mechanism. The

jection 67 insuring that the flap I will be fully plunger 82 is-provided with a beveled projection bent into a right angle position and the blank is advanced to what is stage VIII.

ate with the flaps to force the same beyond the position at right angles to the walls with which they are connected in order to insure that these flaps when permitted to return by their own resiliency will occupy a substantially right angle position to such walls. This construction involves the guide bar 68 which, as the blank is advanced by the plunger 82, is in position to be received in the opposed openings ,of the walls of the blanks formed by the bending back of the flaps f. This bar 68 is formed with a movable head '70 normally seated in a recess in the bar and when so seated avoiding any increase in the normal width of the bar.

When the blank has reached the position of stage VIII, the head is moved outwardly, i. e. transverse to the length of the barfand the head is in such position as to engage the flaps f and force them beyond the right angle position with respect to thewalls with which they are connected. The operating means for the head includes a lever 83 pivotally supported on the frame and a pin-63 depending from the connecting rod 63 and operatingthe lever when the connecting rod is actuated to advance a blank. The head 70, the ends of which'are beveled, is slidable with respect to the recess 73 and guided in such movement by a rod '72 s1idable in bearings '72 arranged beneath .theguideway 70. A spring 63 is connected to the lever 83 and to the frame to return the'lever to a normal position following operation of the pin 63 and thus restore the head 70 to normal position.

As the blank reaches stage VIII and rides over the bar 78, the head is moved laterally with respect to the bar, engages the flaps ,f, and forces the same beyond the right angle position with respect to the walls to which they are connected.

This insures that these flaps f, when-permitted. to return to normal position, will be-mainta'ined pin 69 carried by a lug depending from the head seated loosely in a yoke-shaped connector 66 carried bythe end of the lever 83. This permits swinging movement of the operative end of the lever while insuring a straightmovement of the head 70 as controlled by the pin 72.

When thehead is returned to normal position, succeeding movement of theplunger 82 advances the now completed blank to a conveyor ,80, by which the blank now in the box form*-illustrated in Figure 29, is delivered beyond. the machine. The box form thus completed by the machine of the present application constitutes an integral box embodying a box bottom and cover therefor. The portions included between the walls, indicated at a, d and z and the flaps f, constitute the bottom of the box, of which the bottom wall is made up of the uniformed portion of the original blank included within these areas. The top of the box is made upof the portion defined between the walls a and d which are a continuation of the walls a and d beyond theflap opening and the wall 1 which is the wall opposed to the wall 2'.

The top section of this cover, indicated at b, is formed of the unchanged portion of the original blank included between the lines of fold a b a and a The intermediate portion of the box as thus completed, i. e. the portion included between the lines of fold b and b of the originalblank,.constitutes an end wall for the bottom of the box when the cover. is turned li and either of these lines of fold b or b servclosing of the cover relative to the bottom.

, It is understood that the box element formed from the blank in accordance with the operation of the various details of the present machine is subsequently folded into completed box form, illustrated infig ures 29 and 30 in, another machine and, therefore, the present invention is concerned particularly with the integral open box form automatically constructed from a single preformed blank, with such box form as completed being particularly illustrated in Figure 29. The completion of the blank at the various stages from I to VIII are particularly and specifically illustrated in Figures 21 to 29, from which without further detail description the details of the blank as completed in the respective stages will be clearly and fully apparent.

I claimr.

1. .Aprocess for manufacturing boxes having an integral hinged cover, consisting in forming a box body having 'a bottom side and end walls, fixing the side and end walls in relative positions, and dividi'ng'outtransversely aligned portions of the side walls from the bottom-to provide a sec tion of the bottom of the boxbody wholly free of the side walls to provide a box section and a cover section, with the freesection in common'to form awall for the box section and'a hinged connection for the cover section.

-2".- A process for manufacturing boxes having an integral hinged cover, consisting in forming a box blank-having'a bottom and side and end walls, applying a binding strip to unite and maintain relatively fixed the side and end walls, dividing the opposing portions of the side walls from such side walls and from the bottom to provide 2. normally free'section of the bottom and to divide f the box blank into a box section and a cover section, thefree section of the bottom of the box blank being foldable to form one wall of the box section and to provide a hinged connec tion between said wall and the top section.

3. A method of manufacturing integral boxes having a hinged cover section, consisting in forming a box blank with unbroken side and endwalls, binding the side and end walls into relatively fixed relation, dividing the side wallsat diametrically opposite points on lines vertically of the side wall and longitudinally of the bottom of the blank to provide sections connected at one end as a hinge on which the top section may be moved.

toward and from closed relation to the box section.

4. A method-of forming boxes having an integral hinged top section, consisting in forming a blank, holding the edges of the blank to provide with. the main section of the blank a box section having side and end walls, securing a binding strip throughout the length of. the side and end walls to maintain said 'walls in relatively rigidcorrelation, dividing the side walls of the box blank at diametrically opposite points and on lines vertically of said walls and coincident with the juncture of said walls and the box blank bottom, to provide flaps hinged at one end to a portion of the side walls and otherwise free of connection with the box blank, folding said fiaps transversely of the box blank to provide a partial end wall for a box section, that portion of the box blank bottom rendered free of the side walls by the division of the fiaps therefrom serving to provide a section in common with the box section and cover therefor, both box section and cover having side walls extending throughout the full similar dimension of the section and cover, and an end wall fixed with relation to the side walls defining one end of the box section and cover.

5. A process of forming an integral box section and hinged cover therefor, consisting in providing a blank, bending the side and end portions of the blank to and beyond a right angled relation to the bottom of the blank to avoid outward springing of the sides and ends in the completion of the box section, forming the box section with the side and ends in .right angled relation to the bottom, applying a binding strip throughout the lengths of the sides and'ends to rigidly hold these parts in proper correlation with the bottom, dividing the side walls on lines vertically thereof and oncontinuing lines at the juncture of the side walls and bottom, the latter division approximately corresponding in length to the height of the side wall, bending the flaps thus formed inwardly over the box blank bottom into position substantially parallel to the end walls of I the box blank, the'bending movement of the flaps being carried toward and beyond their desired position to avoid outward springing of such flaps when released, the free section of the box blank bottom formed by the severance of the flaps therefrom being foldable to complete the box section and to serve as a hinge for the top section.

6. A method of forming boxes including an integral box section and hinged covertherefor, consisting in forming a box blank section including a bottom and uninterrupted side and end walls therefor, binding the uninterrupted side and. end'walls in relatively fixed relation, dividing a portion of each of the side walls therefrom and from the bottom to form a free bottom section, a box sectionat one side thereof and a cover section at the other side thereof, bending the divid-v ed portions of the side walls transverse the bottom to partially complete an end wall of the box section and utilizing the free section of the bottom as the end wall of the box section and as a hinged connection for the top section in its movement relative to the box section, the side and end walls. of the top sections overlying the similar partsof the box section when the top is in closed relation.

.7. A method of forming integralboxes and a hinged cover therefor from a single blank, consisting in initially forming the blank into a box blank including a bottom and uninterrupted side and end walls therefor, binding the side and end walls together into relatively fixed correlation and dividing a portion of each of the side walls from the side wall and bottom to define aafree section of the bottom intermediate a box section on one side and a cover section on the other side,

said box section and cover section having opposing side walls and an end wall remote from the free section, and folding the box blank to utilize the free section as the remaining end wall of the box section and as a hinged connection for the cover section in movement to and from the box section.

8. A method of forming integral boxes and a hinged cover therefor from a single blank, consisting in initially forming the blank into a box blank including a bottom and uninterrupted side and end walls therefor, binding the side and end walls together into relatively fixed correlation and dividing a portion of each of the sidewalls from the side wall and bottom to define a free section of the bottom intermediate a box section on one side and a cover section on the other side, said box section and cover section having opposing side walls and an end wallremote from the free section, and folding the box blank to utilize the free section as the remaining end wall of the box section and as a hinged connection for the cover section in movement to and from the box section, the divided portions of the side walls being arranged inwardly of the free section of the bottom when said free section is turned to form an end wall for the box section.

9. A machine for forming integral box sections and covers therefor from a single blank, consist-'- ing in means for bending the edges of the blank to form a box section including a bottom and uninterrupted side and end walls, means for applying a binding strip exteriorly of the walls to unite the walls into a rigid correlation, and means for dividing a portion of each of the side walls from such side wall and from the bottom to thereby define a bottom section free of the side walls to serve as a unit connection between the box blanksections on opposite sides of the free section.

10. A machine for integrally forming boxes and hinged coverstherefor from a single blank, of the type including a bottom section and end and side flaps, the side fiaps being divided for an intermediate portion of their lengths from the bot-.

tom section, with the line of division continuing partly through the side flaps, said machine comprising means for advancing the'blank to a folding station, folding means at said station for bending the side sections relative to the bottom section, said folding means moving the flap sections to and beyond a right angled relation to the bottom section, means for advancing the blank to a flattening station, means at said flattening station for'moving the previously folded flap sections into the plane of the bottom section, means for advancing the blank to a forming station, means for introducing a forming blockagainst the blank to move the blank upwardly, a former through which the blank is moved by the block to force the flaps into a position at right angles to the block and against the side and ends thereof, means for applying a binding strip to the exterior of the side and end flaps while against the block to form the blank into a blank box section having uninterrupted rigidly connected side and "end I walls, means for advancing the formed block section on the block to a predetermined position, means for removing the block, means for completing the division of the side walls of the block section to sever a fiap from each side wall, and means for bending the flaps transverse the bottom and parallel to the end walls of the box blank section.

11. A machine for integrally forming boxes and hinged covers therefor from a singleblank of the type including a bottom section and end and side flaps, the side flaps being divided for an intermediate portion of their lengths from the bottom section, with the line of division continuing partly through the side flaps, said machine comprising means for advancing the blank to a folding station, folding means at said station for bending the side sections relative to the bottom section, said folding means moving the flap sections to and beyond a right angled relation to the bottom section, means for advancing the blank to a flattening station, means at said flattening station for moving the previously folded flapsections into the I plane of the bottom section, means for advancing the blank to a forming station, means for introducing a forming block against the blank to move the blank upwardly, a former through which the blank is moved by the block to force the flaps into a position at rightangles to the block and against the side and ends thereof, means for applying a binding strip to the exterior of the side and end flaps while against the block to form the blank into a blank box section having unin-,

. allel to the end walls of the box blank section.

12. A machine for integrally forming boxes.

and hinged covers therefor from a single blank of the type including a bottom section and end and side flaps, the side flaps being divided for an intermediate portion of their lengths from the .bottom section, with the line of division continuing partly through the side flaps, said machine comprising means for advancing the blank to a folding station, folding means at said station for bending the side sections relative to the bottom section, said folding means moving the flap sections to and beyond a right angled relation to the bottom section, means for advancing the blank to a flattening station, means at said flattening station for moving the previously folded flap ,sections into the plane of the bottom section, means for advancing the blank to a forming station, means for introducing a forming block against the blank to move the blank upwardly, a former through which the blank is moved by the block to force the flaps into a position at right angles to the block and against the sides and ends thereof, means for applying a binding strip to the exterior of the side and end flaps while against the block to form the blank into a blank box section having uninterrupted rigidly connected side and end walls, means for advancing the formed block section on the block to a predetermined position, means for removing the block, cutting elements to completethe line of division of the side sections to thereby define flaps connected at one end to the side walls of the box blank section and otherwise free of connection with the side walls and bottom, and means carried by the cutting elements for moving the flaps inwardly simultaneously with the cutting to dispose the flaps substantially parallel with the end walls of the box blank section.

13. A machine for integrally forming boxes and hinged covers therefor from a single blank of the type including a'bottom section and end and side flaps, the side flaps being divided for an inter-' mediateportion of their lengths from the bottom section, with the line of division continuing partly through theside-flapa; said machine compristhe side sections relative to the bottom, section, said folding means moving the flap sections to and beyond a right angled relation to the bottom section, means for advancing the blank to a flattening station, means at said flattening station for moving the previously folded flap sections into the plane of the bottom section, means for advancing' the blank to a forming station, means for introducing a forming block against the blank to move the blank upwardly, a former through which the blank is moved by the block to force the flaps into a position at right angles to the block and against the sides and ends thereof, means for applying a binding strip to the exterior of the side and end flaps while against the block to form the blank into a blank box section having uninterrupted rigidly connected side and end walls, means for advancing the formed block section on the block to a predetermined position,

means for removing the block, cutting elements to complete the line of division of the side sections to thereby define flaps connected at one end to the side walls of the box blank section and otherwise free of connection with the side walls and bottom, means carried by the cutting elements for moving the flaps inwardly simultaneously with the cutting to dispose the flaps substantially parallel with the end walls of the box blank section, and means to force the flaps inwardly of their normal positions to prevent out-' springing of the flaps when released.

ing partly through the side flaps, said machine comprising means for advancing the blank to a folding station, folding means atsaid station for bending the side sections relative to the bottom section, said folding means moving the flap sections to and beyond a right angled relation to the to force the flaps into a position at right angles to the block and against the sides and ends thereof, means for applying a binding strip to the ex-- terior of the side andend flaps while against the block to form the blank into ablank box section having uninterrupted rigidly connected side and end walls, means for advancing the formed block section on the block to a predetermined position, means for removing the block, cutting elements to complete the line of divisionof the side sections to thereby define flaps connected at one end to the side walls ,of the box blank-section and otherwise free of connection with the side walls and bottom, means carried by the cutting elements for moving the flaps inwardly simultaneously with the cutting to dispose the flaps substantially parallel with the end walls of the box blank section, means to force the flaps inwardly of their normal positions to prevent outspringing of the flaps when released, said means in- V eluding a bar movable through the opening s in the side walls, a section carried by the bar to align 1 transversely of the bar to force the flaps inwardly beyond their normal positions.

15. A machine for forming boxes having an integral hinged cover from a single blank, with the blank initially formed with independent end and side sections and a bottom section and the side sections divided intermediate their lengths from the bottom section, with the line of divisioncontinued'partly through the side section, said machine comprising means for advanc ing a blank to an initial folding station, folders the blank, the block moving means forcing the block and blank upwardly, a forming outline through-which the blank is forced by the block to bend the side and end sections against the similar portions of the block and form the blank into a box blank section, means for applying a binding strip to one end wall of the box blank section, means to advance the block and box blank section, brushes in the path of advance of the block to apply the binding strip to the side walls of the box blank section during such advance,

means moving across one end of the box blank section toapply the binding strip to the final end wall of the box blank section, means to remove the block from the completed box blank section, cutters operating on the side walls of the box blank section to complete the line of division in the side walls of such section to thereby divide flaps from the side walls, pressure elements carried by the cutters for moving the flaps inwardly into parallelism with the end walls of the box blank section, and means operating on the flaps to force them inwardly of their normal positions to prevent their outward springing when released.

16. A machine for forming boxes having an integral hinged cover from a single blank, with the blank initially formed with independent end and side sections and a bottom section and the side sections divided intermediate their lengths from the bottom section, with the line of division continued partly through the side section, said machine comprising means for advancing a blank to'an initial folding station, folders operating at said station to fold the side and end sections to and beyond a position at right angles to the bottom section, means for advancing the blank to a flattening station wherein the folded side and end sections are moved into the plane of the bottom section, means for advancing the flattened blank to a forming station,a forming block arranged at said station, means for moving the block into registry with the bottom section of the blank, the bloc moving means forcing the block and blank u wardly," a forming outline through which the blank is forced by the block to bend the side and end sections against the similar portions of the block and form the blank into a box blank section, means I to the side walls of the box blank section during such advance, means moving across one end of the box blank section to apply the binding strip to the final end wall of the box blank section, means to remove the block from the completed box blank section, cutters operating on the side walls of the box blank section to complete the line of division in the side walls of such section to thereby divide flaps from the side walls, presaure elements carried by the cutters for moving the flaps inwardly into parallelism with the end walls of the box blank section, means operating on the flaps to force them inwardly of their normal positions to prevent their outward springing when released, said means including a bar having a laterally operated flap forcing section, and means for moving the section when the bar is in position in line with the flaps. v

17. A- machine for forming boxes having an integral hinged cover from a single blank, with the blank initially formed with independent end and side sections and a bottom section and the side sections divided intermediate their lengths from the bottom section, with the line of division continued partly through the side section, said machine comprising means for advancing a blank to an initial folding station, folders op erating at said station to fold the side andend sections to and beyond a position at right angles to the bottom section, means for advancing the blank to a flattening station wherein the folded side and end sections are moved into the plane of the bottom section, means for advancing the flattening blank to a forming station, a forming block arranged at said station, means for moving the block into registry with the bottom section of the blank, the block moving means forcing the block and blank upwardly, a forming outline through which the blank is forced by the block to bend the side and end sections against the similar portions of the block and form the blank into a box blank section, means for applying a binding strip to one end wall of the box blank section, means to advance the block and box blank section, brushes in the path of advance of the block to apply the binding strip to the side walls of the box blank section during such advance, means moving across one end of the box blank section to apply the binding strip-to the final end wall of the box blank section, eans to remove the block from the completed box blank section, means for returning theblocks for subsequent use at the forming stage, cutters operating on the side walls of the box blank section to complete the line of division in the side walls of such section to thereby divide flaps from the sid walls, pressure elements carried by the cutters for moving the-flaps inwardly into parallelism with the end wallsof the box blank section, and means operating on the flaps to force them inwardly of their normal positions to prevent their outward springing when released.

18. A machine for converting a preformed flat blank into a box-like body adapted for folding to provide a. box bottom and cover therefor, com-' prising means for simultaneously forming the wall portions of the box, and means for subsequently dividing certain parts of the walls from the bottom to provide a portion of the blank separating the 'body portion of the formed blank and the cover portion thereof.

19. A machine for converting a preformed flat the body portion of the formed blank and the' forming the blank into an open-body hav-. ing side and end walls, means for dividingportions of the side walls from the bottom ofthe body to form foldable flaps, means for folding the flaps inwardly .over the bottom toprovide a portion of an end wall of a box bottom, and means for folding thebox on spaced parallel lines transverse the bottom of the body, with one of said lines substantially coincident with the folded flaps and another of such lines substantially coincident with--'the liney-ofi'out' in the side wall to provide the flaps, thatportion of the body bottom between said lines of fold forming an end wall of the box bottom and overlying the flaps.

21. A machine for constructing integral boxes from a preformed blank, comprising meansfor folding the side and end edges of the blank to form an open box-like body having side and end walls, means for dividing transversely aligned portions of the side walls from the body bottom to form flaps, means for bending the flaps at right angles to the walls to which they are connected to provide a partial wall for the box bottom, folding the box-like body on spaced parallel lines. of

fold transverse the bottom of the body to provide awall to overlie the flaps, and a cover to. cooperate with the box bottom.

22. A machine for making box-like bodies from 'a blank having a body portion, with end and .side margins scored for folding, said machine comprising means for folding such sides and ends at right angles to the body'of the blank to complete an open box-like body, means for applying a strip exterior ofsaid sides and ends to maintain said parts inbox-like body-forming relation, means for dividing the side walls from the bottomat definite aligned points intermediate their lengths to provide flaps and to further di-' vide the side walls into side walls for the box bottom and for the box top, means for folding theflaps inwardly to provide a partial end wall for the box bottom, and means for folding the the body bottom between the lines of fold as an" end wall for the box bottom overlying the flaps andpositioning that portion of the box-like body beyond the line of fold remote from the flaps to provide a cover.

Gtim'rmn MEYER-JAGENBERG. 

